On 9 October 2023, Tim Healey spoke about Apples! The Myth and Mystery of England’s Favourite Fruit.

Tim Healey is a freelance writer, broadcaster and musician and previously entertained the group with a fascinating talk ‘Pagans and Puritans – the story of May morning in Oxford’ back in April 2021. Tim’s talk this time weaved its way through the many fascinating myths and mysteries surrounding apples.

Through our culture the apple has had a fairly regular presence, how we often associate the apple with Adam and Eve but also how the apple is linked to the place ‘Avalon’ (Island of Apples) featured in Arthurian legend. Apples have often been associated with birth and fertility, and are often considered a lustrous fruit. If you cut an apple in half laterally a five-pointed star will be observed in the centre. Apples have featured in paintings by notable artists such as Raphael and John Everett Millais of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood to Rene Magritte and the widely recognised ‘Son of Man’ painting. More recently apples have appeared in A Dish of Apples, a collection of poems by Eden Phillpotts (1921), in the book Cider with Rosie (1959) by Laurie Lee, and in several best-selling songs by the Andrew Sisters.

From a historical perspective, the apple most likely originated from Kazakhstan c. 8000 BC as a wild apple (Malus pumila) and was spread by people travelling via horse as the apple could be consumed by both rider and horse on their journey. In Roman times Cicero urged his fellow Romans to save apple seeds in order to develop new cultivars and, in Roman religion and myth, the goddess Pomona was associated with fruitful abundance and plenty. In 1204 the Pearmain variety of apple was recorded in England as being associated with cider making and some rents were payable in apples and cider to the Church under the Tithe Tax. In 1390 the first apple pie recipe was recorded and later Henry VIII took an interest in developing new cultivars of apples. After an apple fell from a tree in front of Isaac Newton, he developed the theory of gravity and so physics has much to thank apples for! In the early days of settling North America, apples were spread across what would become the United States of America by Johnny Appleseed.

In the modern day, approximately two-thirds of the apples purchased in the UK are grown and imported from outside the UK and apples undergo a number of preservation treatments before being presented to the consumer. The annual tradition of Wassailing, which involves blessing the apple trees in the hope of a good harvest, continues still to this day and those curious to experience this apple rite are highly recommended to check out the annual event in Brightwell-cum-Sotwell. The talk concluded with the notable history of apples in Oxfordshire and the varieties developed in the area such as the Hanwell Souring, the Bampton Fairing and the Blenheim Orange. Tim also highlighted that, if you are interested in owning a rare or Oxford breed of tree, then you can visit Bernwode Fruit Trees at Ludgershall (between Bicester and Aylesbury). Or if you want to view the largest collection of fruit trees in England, then the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale Farm in Faversham, Kent is also well worth a visit.

On 11th September 2023, Trevor Jackson spoke about Cemeteries of Oxford: more than a century of history.

Between 2005 and 2017 Trevor was the Registrar and Manager of Oxford City’s cemeteries at Wolvercote, Botley, Rose Hill and Headington.  He and his team were also responsible for maintaining the grounds of 11 closed Anglican churches in the city. 

In the first half of the 19th century, Oxford’s churchyards were filling up, partly as a result of high mortality from repeated cholera outbreaks, and in 1855 all of them were closed to further burials.  In 1848 the Diocese of Oxford opened two new cemeteries, at Osney and in Jericho (St Sepulchre’s), but further outbreaks of cholera in 1849 and 1854 ensured that they also filled rapidly.  In 1889 and 1890, Oxford Corporation, as it was then known, purchased land for three municipal cemeteries and in 1894, Wolvercote, Rose Hill and Botley cemeteries opened.  Oxford’s fourth cemetery was established after Headington parish was subsumed into Oxford in 1928; an existing burial ground there was extended to make Headington cemetery.   All the cemeteries have chapels, with those at Wolvercote, Rose Hill and Botley being of similar design; these three cemeteries also have gate lodges, though these are now private homes.  Interments in the four cemeteries since the 1890s total about 58,000, and both Rose Hill and Headington are now closed to new burials.

Oxford’s cemeteries contain many famous people; they are also popular as filming locations. Botley Cemetery is nowadays notable for its large Commonwealth Graves section.  Trevor’s talk included numerous stories from his time as cemeteries manager, some sombre, others, perhaps surprisingly, very humorous.

On Monday 9th October 2023, Tim Healey will talk about Apples! The Myth and Mystery of England’s Favourite Fruit.

On 10 July 2023, Christine Bovingdon-Cox spoke about My 50 Year Career in Policing in the Thames Valley.

The Thames Valley Police Force was established in 1968 through the amalgamation of five local forces. In her talk, Christine related the colourful and varied career she had enjoyed in the TVP between joining as a cadet in 1971 and receiving the British Empire Medal in 2021 in recognition of her service. In 1973, at the end of her training, Christine was posted to Aylesbury from where, in early 1974, she attended the aftermath of an IRA bombing at the National Defence College, Latimer. Ten people were injured and although there were no fatalities it was a harrowing experience. Between 1978 and 1980 Christine was in the CID in Oxford and in 1980 transferred to Special Branch where she acted as a protection officer for important visitors to the Thames Valley. These included cabinet ministers and members of the royal family, several of whom Christine has very fond memories.

After periods spent in the women’s specialist unit and in uniform on the beat in Oxford, Christine set up the domestic violence unit as a pilot scheme in the TVP. Up to that point domestic violence had not been taken very seriously despite being a widespread problem. To deal better with the issues involved Christine decided she needed more knowledge of civil law, and this led her to study part-time for a law degree at Oxford Brookes University, graduating in 2004. Later Christine became a family liaison officer. This involved supporting murder victims’ families in the knowledge that, although they were bereaved, they might also include the perpetrators. In 2005 she was deployed to live for four months with Samantha Lewthwaite, the widow of one of the 7/7 bombers, who had been placed in witness protection. Subsequently, Lewthwaite has herself become one of the world’s most wanted terrorist suspects.

There’s no meeting in August. The AGM will be held on Monday 11 September, followed by a talk from Trevor Jackson on Cemeteries of Oxford: more than a century of history.

On 12 June 2023, Stephen Barker spoke about Six Warrior Women of the English Civil Wars.

Stephen began by setting the scene, talking about the three Civil Wars of the 1640s and the position of women at the time. The Civil Wars were bloody and brutal on a scale that is perhaps not appreciated today. Women had few rights, being unable to own property and subject to their father before marriage and their husband afterwards. But through the roles they played in the Civil Wars, the six women that Stephen spoke about helped to change the beliefs that people had about women and their capabilities.

Lady Mary Bankes defended Corfe Castle for three years against sieges by Parliamentary forces. Mary Overton was a prominent Leveller who was jailed for publishing seditious pamphlets, written by her husband, whom she later petitioned Parliament to have released after he too had been imprisoned. Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, was a spy and double agent, working at various times for both sides in the conflict. Women proved to be excellent spies for both sides. Dorothy Hazard was a dissenter who established a Baptist church in Bristol and was active in the defence of the city against the Royalist besiegers. Lady Jane Whorwood was an ardent Royalist who acted as a spy and smuggler, and engineered a plot (which proved unsuccessful) for Charles I’s escape from imprisonment on the Isle of Wight in 1648. Lady Mary Verney, originally from Abingdon, married Ralph Verney whose estates in Buckinghamshire were sequestered by the government in 1646 during his exile in France. Mary returned to England to oppose the sequestration in Parliament and was eventually successful.

On 10 July 2023, Christine Bovingdon-Cox will speak about 50 Years in the Thames Valley Police.

Reports of previous meetings

On 8 May History Club members and guests enjoyed a fascinating talk by Josie Midwinter about her parents’ shop in Didcot, enhanced by a model of the shop and specimens of ration books.

Josie’s father Henry Midwinter shrewdly set up the grocery, confectionery and tobacco shop immediately opposite Didcot railway station, attracting much custom from railway staff, train and bus passengers, and the Army Ordnance Depot. During rationing, the shop received exactly the cheese needed to supply each registered customer with their allotted 2 oz per week. In practice, customers got their precisely cut ration, and the Midwinter family had the crumbs left over.

The shop was a cheerful place, where Henry always found time to listen to customers. Without refrigerators, they could not stock, for example, meat pies, but did sell their own bacon. They also provided much-used cycle storage (for 4d a day), and took and received parcels carried by local buses.

The family sold the shop after Henry died in 1963, when customers had begun to prefer the chain stores in the new Didcot Broadway. Josie’s experience of being able to talk to anyone was the foundation for her subsequent vocation as a priest.

On 12 June, in a change to the previously advertised programme, Stephen Barker will talk about women who took part in the English Civil Wars, undertook spying missions and negotiated deals with politicians.

Reports of previous meetings